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Extractive desulfurization of model fuels with a nitrogen-containing heterocyclic ionic liquid

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年 第16卷 第12期   页码 1735-1742 doi: 10.1007/s11705-022-2167-x

摘要： A nitrogen-containing ionic liquid was synthesized using an aromatic nitrogen-containing heterocyclic and an amino acid, and applied to the extractive desulfurization process to remove benzothiophene, dibenzothiophene, and 4,6-dimethyldibenzothiphene from a model fuel oil. Chemical characterizations and simulation using Gaussian 09 software confirmed the rationality of an ionic liquid structure. Classification of non-covalent interactions between the ionic liquid and the three sulfur-containing contaminants was studied by reduced density gradient analysis. The viscosity of the ionic liquid was adjusted by addition of polyethylene glycol. Under extraction conditions of the volume of ionic liquid to oil as 1:1 and temperature as room temperature, the desulfurization selectivity of ionic liquid followed the order of 4,6-dimethyldibenzothiphene (15 min) < benzothiophene (15 min) ≈ dibenzothiophene (10 min). Addition of p-xylene and cyclohexene to the fuel oil had little effect. The extractant remained stable and effective after multiple regeneration cycles.

关键词： extractive desulfurization     nitrogen-containing heterocyclic ionic liquid     reduced density gradient analysis     desulfurization selectivity    

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Sludge fermentation liquid addition attained advanced nitrogen removal in low C/N ratio municipal wastewater

Shengjie Qiu, Jinjin Liu, Liang Zhang, Qiong Zhang, Yongzhen Peng

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年 第15卷 第2期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-020-1318-x

摘要： Abstract • Sludge fermentation liquid addition resulted in a high NAR of 97.4%. • Extra NH4+-N from SFL was removed by anammox in anoxic phase. • Nitrogen removal efficiency of 92.51% was achieved in municipal wastewater. • The novel system could efficiently treat low COD/N municipal wastewater. Biological nitrogen removal of wastewater with low COD/N ratio could be enhanced by the addition of wasted sludge fermentation liquid (SFL), but the performance is usually limited by the introducing ammonium. In this study, the process of using SFL was successfully improved by involving anammox process. Real municipal wastewater with a low C/N ratio of 2.8–3.4 was treated in a sequencing batch reactor (SBR). The SBR was operated under anaerobic-aerobic-anoxic (AOA) mode and excess SFL was added into the anoxic phase. Stable short-cut nitrification was achieved after 46d and then anammox sludge was inoculated. In the stable period, effluent total inorganic nitrogen (TIN) was less than 4.3 mg/L with removal efficiency of 92.3%. Further analysis suggests that anammox bacteria, mainly affiliated with Candidatus_Kuenenia, successfully reduced the external ammonia from the SFL and contributed approximately 28%–43% to TIN removal. Overall, this study suggests anammox could be combined with SFL addition, resulting in a stable enhanced nitrogen biological removal.

关键词： Sludge fermentation liquid     Municipal wastewater     Advanced nitrogen removal     Short-cut nitrification     Partial anammox    

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Experimental and DFT insights into nitrogen and sulfur co-doped carbon nanotubes for effective desulfurizationof liquid phases: Equilibrium & kinetic study

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年 第15卷 第5期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-021-1397-3

摘要：

• Synthesis of NS-CNTS is used in a high desulfurization performance.

关键词： Dibenzothiophene (DBT)     Tertiary methyl mercaptan     Adsorption     Carbon nano tube (CNT)     Desulfurization     Doping    

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Synthesis of Ag and Cd nanoparticles by nanosecond pulsed discharge in liquid nitrogen

Mahmoud Trad, Alexandre Nominé, Natalie Tarasenka, Jaafar Ghanbaja, Cédric Noël, Malek Tabbal, Thierry Belmonte

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2019年 第13卷 第2期   页码 360-368 doi: 10.1007/s11705-019-1802-7

摘要： The synthesis of CdO, Ag O (5 nm) and Ag (~20‒30 nm) nano-objects is achieved simultaneously by nanosecond-pulsed discharges in liquid nitrogen between one cadmium electrode and one silver electrode. Oxidation occurs when liquid nitrogen is fully evaporated and nanoparticles are in contact with the air. No alloy is formed, whatever the conditions, even though both elements are present simultaneously, as showed by time-resolved optical emission spectroscopy. This lack of reactivity between elements is attributed to the high pressure within the discharge that keeps each metallic vapor around the electrode it comes from. Each element exhibits a specific behavior. Cubic Cd particles, formed at 4 kV, get elongated with filamentary tips when the applied voltage reaches 7 and 10 kV. Cd wires are formed by assembly in liquid nitrogen of Cd nanoparticles driven by dipole assembly, and not by dielectrophoresis. On the contrary, silver spherical particles get assembled into 2D dendritic structures. The anisotropic growth of these structures is assumed to be due to the existence of pressure gradients.

关键词： spark discharges     submerged discharges     time-resolved optical emission spectroscopy     liquid nitrogen    

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Chemical probe systems for assessing liquid–liquid mixing efficiencies of reactors

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年 第17卷 第10期   页码 1323-1335 doi: 10.1007/s11705-022-2275-7

摘要： Liquid–liquid mixing, including homogeneous and heterogeneous mixing, widely exists in the chemical industry. How to quantitatively characterize the mixing performance is important for reactor assessment and development. As a convenient and direct method for mixing characterization, the chemical probe method uses some special test reactions to characterize the mixing results. Here, the working principle and selection requirements of this method are introduced, and some common chemical probe systems for homogeneous and heterogeneous mixing processes are reviewed. The characteristics and applications of these systems are illustrated. Finally, the development of the new system is proposed.

关键词： mixing     chemical probe     liquid–liquid     heterogeneous    

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Microfluidic production of liposomes through liquid–liquid phase separation in ternary droplets

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年 第16卷 第6期   页码 1017-1022 doi: 10.1007/s11705-021-2118-y

摘要： Liposomes, the self-assembled phospholipid vesicles, have been extensively used in various fields such as artificial cells, drug delivery systems, biosensors and cosmetics. However, current microfluidic routes to liposomes mostly rely on water-in-oil-in-water double emulsion droplets as templates, and require complex fabrication of microfluidic devices, and tedious manipulation of multiphase fluids. Here we present a simple microfluidic approach to preparing monodisperse liposomes from oil-in-water droplets. For demonstration, we used butyl acetate-water-ethanol ternary mixtures as inner phase and an aqueous solution of surfactants as outer phase to make oil-in-water droplets, which can evolve into water-in-oil-in-water double emulsion droplets by liquid–liquid phase separation of ternary mixtures. Subsequently, the resultant water-in-oil-in-water droplets underwent a dewetting transition to form separated monodisperse liposomes and residual oil droplets, with the assistance of surfactants. The method is simple, does not require complex microfluidic devices and tedious manipulation, and provides a new platform for controllable preparation of liposomes.

关键词： microfluidics     liposomes     ternary droplets     phase separation    

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SUSTAINABLE NITROGEN MANAGEMENT IN AUSTRALIAN AGROECOSYSTEMS: CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年 第9卷 第3期   页码 366-372 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2022447

摘要：

● There is huge potential for improvement of nitrogen management in Australia.

关键词： Australian agroecosystems     reactive nitrogen     sustainable development    

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SUSTAINABLE NITROGEN MANAGEMENT FOR VEGETABLE PRODUCTION IN CHINA

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年 第9卷 第3期   页码 373-385 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2022455

摘要：

● Sustainable nitrogen management strategies for Chinese vegetable production are summarized.

关键词： enhanced-efficiency nitrogen fertilizer     integrated knowledge and products strategy     nitrogen rate     reactive nitrogen loss     vegetable     yield    

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EFFECTS OF SUBSTITUTION OF MINERAL NITROGEN WITH ORGANIC AMENDMENTS ON NITROGEN LOSS FROM SLOPING CROPLAND

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年 第9卷 第3期   页码 396-406 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2022456

摘要：

● Interflow acts as the dominant pathway for N loss loadings.

关键词： improved fertilization regime     interflow     nitrogen forms     nitrogen leaching     purple soil     sloping cropland    

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Energy distribution between liquid hydrogen and liquid oxygen temperatures in a Stirling/pulse tube refrigerator

《能源前沿（英文）》 2023年 第17卷 第4期   页码 516-526 doi: 10.1007/s11708-022-0844-6

摘要： A two-stage gas-coupled Stirling/pulse tube refrigerator (SPR), whose first and second stages respectively involve Stirling and pulse tube refrigeration cycles, is a very promising spaceborne refrigerator. The SPR has many advantages, such as a compact structure, high reliability, and high performance, and is expected to become an essential refrigerator for space applications. In research regarding gas-coupled regenerative refrigerator, the energy flow distribution between the two stages, and optimal phase difference between the pressure wave and volume flow, are two critical parameters that could widely influence refrigerator performance. The effects of displacer displacement on the pressure wave, phase difference, acoustic power distribution, and inter-stage cooling capacity shift of the SPR have been investigated experimentally. Notably, to obtain the maximum first-stage cooling capacity, an inflection point in displacement exists. When the displacer displacement is larger than the inflection point, the cooling capacity could be distributed between the first and second stages. In the present study, an SPR was designed and manufactured to work between the liquid hydrogen and liquid oxygen temperatures, which can be used to cool small-scale zero boil-off systems and space detectors. Under appropriate displacer displacement, the SPR can reach a no-load cooling temperature of 15.4 K and obtain 2.6 W cooling capacity at 70 K plus 0.1 W cooling capacity at 20 K with 160 W compressor input electric power.

关键词： Stirling/pulse tube refrigerator     displacer displacement     space application     phase shift     energy distribution    

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Nitrogen distribution in the products from the hydrothermal liquefaction of sp. and sp.

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年 第16卷 第6期   页码 985-995 doi: 10.1007/s11705-021-2126-y

摘要： The high contents of nitrogen-containing organic compounds in biocrude obtained from hydrothermal liquefaction of microalgae are one of the most concerned issues on the applications and environment. In the project, Chlorella sp. and Spirulina sp. were selected as raw materials to investigate the influence of different reaction conditions (i.e., reaction temperature, residence time, solid loading rate) on the distribution of nitrogen in the oil phase and aqueous phase. Three main forms of nitrogen-containing organic compounds including nitrogen-heterocyclic compounds, amide, and amine were detected in biocrudes. The contents of nitrogen-heterocyclic compounds decreased with temperature while amide kept increasing. The effect of residence time on the components of nitrogen-containing organic compounds was similar with that of temperature. However, the influence of solid loading rate was insignificant. Moreover, it was also found that the differences of amino acids in the protein components in the two microalgae might affect the nitrogen distribution in products. For example, nitrogen in basic amino acids of Spirulina sp. preferred to go into the aqueous phase comparing with the nitrogen in neutral amino acids of Chlorella sp. In summary, a brief reaction map was proposed to describe the nitrogen pathway during microalgae hydrothermal liquefaction.

关键词： microalgae     hydrothermal liquefaction     biocrude     nitrogen distribution    

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SOIL NITROGEN CYCLING AND ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS IN THE SUBTROPICAL HILLY REGION OF CHINA: EVIDENCE FROM

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年 第9卷 第3期   页码 407-424 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2022448

摘要：

● Soil nitrogen fluxes and influencing factors were reviewed in the subtropical hilly regions.

关键词： nitrogen cycling     soil nitrogen     nitrogen deposition     greenhouse gases emission     non-point source pollution     nitrogen use efficiency    

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PROGRESS ON IMPROVING AGRICULTURAL NITROGEN USE EFFICIENCY: UK-CHINA VIRTUAL JOINT CENTERS ON NITROGEN

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年 第9卷 第3期   页码 475-489 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2022459

摘要：

● Virtual joint centers on N agronomy were established between UK and China.

关键词： CINAg     N-CIRCLE     nitrogen use efficiency     reactive nitrogen     sustainable production    

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IMPROVING NITROGEN SAFETY IN CHINA: NITROGEN FLOWS, POLLUTION AND CONTROL

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年 第9卷 第3期   页码 465-474 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2022454

摘要：

● It is necessary to address the N flows and their impacts on environment in China for sustainable N management.

关键词： barriers     future management     ammonia emissions     nitrogen input     water N pollution    

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Studies on the liquid-liquid interfacial mass transfer process using holographic interferometry

ZHAO Chaofan, ZHU Chunying, MA Youguang

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2008年 第2卷 第1期   页码 1-4 doi: 10.1007/s11705-008-0006-3

摘要： This paper aims at the interfacial phenomena of liquid-liquid mass transfer and its characteristic. By using the real-time holographic technique, the concentration distributions on the aqueous side were obtained according to holographic diagrams of mass transfer of ethanol through the interface of oil and water at different initial concentrations. Furthermore, the concentrations near the interface and the mass transfer coefficients were attained. A correlation of concentration near the interface to the concentration of the solute in the oil side was proposed. An approach of interfacial energy with solute concentration was established, and the calculated results are at good agreement with the experimental data. It is indicated that the liquid-liquid mass transfer process is approximately in accordance with two-film theory, the interfacial performance may be changed by the addition of the solute, and the interface of liquid-liquid is non-equilibrium thermodynamically during the mass transfer process.

关键词： liquid-liquid     different     real-time holographic     addition     transfer    

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标题 作者 时间 类型 操作

Extractive desulfurization of model fuels with a nitrogen-containing heterocyclic ionic liquid

期刊论文

Sludge fermentation liquid addition attained advanced nitrogen removal in low C/N ratio municipal wastewater

Shengjie Qiu, Jinjin Liu, Liang Zhang, Qiong Zhang, Yongzhen Peng

期刊论文

Experimental and DFT insights into nitrogen and sulfur co-doped carbon nanotubes for effective desulfurizationof liquid phases: Equilibrium & kinetic study

期刊论文

Synthesis of Ag and Cd nanoparticles by nanosecond pulsed discharge in liquid nitrogen

Mahmoud Trad, Alexandre Nominé, Natalie Tarasenka, Jaafar Ghanbaja, Cédric Noël, Malek Tabbal, Thierry Belmonte

期刊论文

Chemical probe systems for assessing liquid–liquid mixing efficiencies of reactors

期刊论文

Microfluidic production of liposomes through liquid–liquid phase separation in ternary droplets

期刊论文

SUSTAINABLE NITROGEN MANAGEMENT IN AUSTRALIAN AGROECOSYSTEMS: CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES

期刊论文

SUSTAINABLE NITROGEN MANAGEMENT FOR VEGETABLE PRODUCTION IN CHINA

期刊论文

EFFECTS OF SUBSTITUTION OF MINERAL NITROGEN WITH ORGANIC AMENDMENTS ON NITROGEN LOSS FROM SLOPING CROPLAND

期刊论文

Energy distribution between liquid hydrogen and liquid oxygen temperatures in a Stirling/pulse tube refrigerator

期刊论文

Nitrogen distribution in the products from the hydrothermal liquefaction of sp. and sp.

期刊论文

SOIL NITROGEN CYCLING AND ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS IN THE SUBTROPICAL HILLY REGION OF CHINA: EVIDENCE FROM

期刊论文

PROGRESS ON IMPROVING AGRICULTURAL NITROGEN USE EFFICIENCY: UK-CHINA VIRTUAL JOINT CENTERS ON NITROGEN

期刊论文

IMPROVING NITROGEN SAFETY IN CHINA: NITROGEN FLOWS, POLLUTION AND CONTROL

期刊论文

Studies on the liquid-liquid interfacial mass transfer process using holographic interferometry

ZHAO Chaofan, ZHU Chunying, MA Youguang

期刊论文